Impact-tool



(No Model.) 3 sheets-511555 1. H. G. WILLIAMS.

IMPACT TOOL.

Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

WITNESSES: Z W

{No Model.)

3 SheetsSheet 2 H. G. WILLIAMS.

IMPACT TOOL. No. 554,850.

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(No Model.)

No. 554,850. Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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' PATENT OFFICE.

HORACE GUERNSEY WVILLIAMS, OF ST. DAVIDS, PENNSYLVANIA.

IM PACT-TOO L.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 554,850, dated February 18, 1896.

I Application filed May 11, 1895. Serial No. 548,960. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HORACE GUERNSEY WILLIAMS, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Davids, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Impact-Tools, of which the. following is a specification.

My invention relates in general to that class of impact-tools,particularly rock-drills,which are operated by compressed air, steam, or other motive fluid under pressure, in which the tool is connected with the rod of a plum ger adapted to reciprocate within a cylinder to the respective ends of which the motive fluid is alternately admitted behind and in front of the plunger, and relates more particularly to that class of rock-drills in which are embodied a rifled rod and ratchet for occasioning the partial rotation of the plunger and drill upon their return stroke.

My invention has for its object the construction of a tool of the foregoing class both mechanically simple and inexpensive, in which the number of parts is reduced to a minimum, and in which provision is made for adequate and instantaneous supply and uniform and instantaneous exhaust.

My invention, moreover, utilizes certain novel features of construction invented by me and embodied in a certain application for patent executed by me upon the 30th day of April, A. D. 1895, and filed in the United States Patent Office upon the 7th day of May,

in the planes of the dotted lines r r of Fig. 5 through such portion of the cylinder as serves to illustrate the preferred common connection of the front and rear exhaust-ports with the outlet to the atmosphere by means of the exhaust passage-way a Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the tool represented in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical sectional elevation through the tool of Figs. 1, 2, and 4 in the plane of the dotted line it u of Fig. 4 and sight being taken in the direction of its arrows. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, with the section taken in the plane of the dotted line 3 s in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the rifled rod and ratchet-wheel removed from the cylinder. Fig. 8 is an end View of the front end of the rifled rod, and Fig. 9 an end View of the ratchet-wheel. Fig. 10 is a transverse vertical sectional elevation through the rifled rod in the plane of the dotted line 10 w of Fig. 7 and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows upon said line. Fig. 11 is a transverse vertical sectional elevation through the tool of Figs. 1, 2, and 4, section being supposed in the plane of the dotted line 2 z of Fig. 2. Fig. 12 is a similar view through the said tool in the plane of the dotted line :0 ooof said Fig. 2, and Fig. 13 a similar view through the said tool in the plane of the dotted line y y of said Fig. 2. Fig. 14. is a plan detail of the apertured removable plug which I employ as a vent-port in the plunger exhaust-port.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A represents a cylinder within which the plunger is adapted to reciprocate, and which is of any preferred exterior configuration and formed of any suitable material. a is the front head of said cylinder, and a the back head, the said heads being conveniently retained in place by the tie-bars a a and being formed and applied in any usual manner.

a is the alley for the feed-screw usual in devices of this character and conveniently formed integral with the casting of the cylinder.

a is the thrust-nut for the feed-screw.

A, Fig. 5, is the fluid-inlet port of the cylinder.

A is the inlet-pipe through which the motive fluid is led into the inlet-port A. The inlet-port is preferably formed approximately near the central portion of the cylinder.

06 is the front exhaust-port and a the rear exhaust-port of the cylinder. The rear eX- haust-port, and preferably also the front exhaust-port, are formed wholly in the walls of the cylinder as an annular internally-open passageway completely circumscribing said cylinder, and the said ports are respectively disposed intermediately between the inletport and the front head on the one hand and the inlet-port and the back head on the other. Each of said exhaust-ports is in communication with the atmosphere, preferably through the intervention of a common exhaust passage-w. y a Figs. 3 and 5, formed in the cylinder-casting and leadin g to an outlet-pipe A".

To prevent weakening of the walls of the cylinder, the inlet-port and both of the exhaust-ports, when both are cireumfcrentially extended, are conveniently formed within external enlargements of the casting of the cylinder, as will be understood by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 4i, and 5 of the drawings.

(0 is a buffer of any preferred construction disposed within the front end of the cylinder and bearing against the front head. The front head is suitably chambered to receive any preferred form of packing alto which the motive fluid may have access either by leakage around the plunger-rod or by passing through apertures in the buffer. This packing, which is conveniently in the form of rings, is retained in place by an internallyprojccting annular flange (0", applied to or formed as a partof the front head of the cylinder and serving to separate the packing from the buil'er, as shown in Fig. 2.

B is a plunger, preferably of such relative length proportionate to the length of the cylinder as is represented in the drawings, and which is adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder.

1) is the plunger rod, which protrudes through the packing-box of the front head of the cylinder, and is exteriorly thereto provided with a coupling b of any preferred character, by means of which the drill or other impact-tool I) is connected with it.

The plunger proper contains a preferably axial passage-way or bore, which I term the plunger supply-port, b and which extends longitudinally from the front portion of the plunger to and through the rear end thereof.

1)" is an opening through the upper walls of the plunger supply-port which I term the plunger inlet-port. Through this port 1110- tive fluid admitted to the inletport A of the cylinder and thence to an inlet-channel Z)", formed in the external periphery of the plunger and circumscribing it, gains access to the hollow interior or supply-port b of the plunger.

I)" is what I term an outletchanncl, formed in the external. periphery of the plunger and circumscribing it. This channel is peripherally open, and,with the exception of the fact that it has no communication with the plunger supply-port or hollow interior of the plunger, corresponds in character and general disposition with the inletehannel I). The said channels are respectively disposed at approximately uniform distances apart upon each side of the center of the length of the plunger.

C is a rifled red of a character usual in tools of this class, except that it is approximately cylindriform and hollow, as indicated in Figs. 7, 8, and 10. This red, as is usual, extends rearwardly to and is connected with a ratchetwheel 0, adapted to a socket a, formed within the back head, a of the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2, and is contained within the supplyport 11 of the plunger.

The hollow interior or bore of the rifled rod, which I designate e is open at both ends or open-ended-that is to say, it is open at the front end of said red, as shown in Fig. 8, and terminates at the rear of said rod to the front of the ratchet-wheel in radially-disposed boreoutlets c, as shown in Figs. 7 and 10.

It is obvious that motive fluid admitted within the plunger supplyport will find its way through the bore of the rifled rod to the rear of the rifled nut and escape through the bore-outlets 0 into the space within the rear portion of the cylinder between the rear end' of the plunger and the ratchet-wheel.

13 is a rifled nut screwed into or otherwise connected with, or formed as a part of, the rear end portion of the plunger, as shown in Figs. 2 and 11. This nut, as shown in Fig. 11, is conformed to the external conformation of the rifled rod and closely fits the same, so as to perform the function usual to nuts of this character. The ratchet-wheel is controlled by pawls in any well-known or preferred manner.

If is what I, for convenience, term the plunger exhaust-port, the same being, as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 12, and 13, a passage-way formed longitudinally in the substance of the plunger beneath but not in communication with the axial cavity therein, which I have termed the plunger supplyport b This plunger exhaust-port If opens through the front end of the plunger, as shown in. Fig. 2, and extends rearwardly to a blind ending conveniently in the neighborhood of the rifled nut.

Z), Figs. 2, 13, and 14, is a vent-port leading from the plunger exhaust-port U through the substance of the lower walls of the plunger. One or a plurality of these vent-ports may be employed, and their venting-area is calculable with reference to the desired exhaust.

The vent-port is conveniently made in the form of an apertured removable plug, such as is shown in Figs. 13 and ll, and this is in order to permit of the application of ports of different areas or diametric sizes. The port is, moreover, conveniently applied to a segmental plate Z1 dovetailed into the plunger proper, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, and forming, when in place and permanentlysecured, a portion of the lower walls of the plunger, and constituting a mere expedient of manufacture to facilitate the formation of the plunger exhaust-port b and the application and removal of the vent-port.

b are plunger packing-rings of any preferred character circumscribing the plunger and serving to make it tight within the cylinder.

.Such being a description of a tool conveniently embodying my improvements its op eration will be readily understood.

Assuming the plunger in the position represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 4t and motive fluid admitted through the inlet-pipe A into the inlet-port A, it is obvious that said fluid will pass through the inlet-channel b, which circumscribes the plunger, and through the plunger inlet-port 17 into the plunger supplyport 19 and thence through the bore c of the rifled rod into the space between the back head of the cylinder and the back end of the plunger, and therein, by its expansive action, will occasion the forward movement of the plunger. It is further obvious that said forward movement of said plunger will be made possible by the fact that the front exhaustport a is, for the time being, through the exhaust passage-way a and the outlet-pipe A in communication with the atmosphere, and that therefore the lead has been given to the exhaust in front of the plunger. It will be further apparent that when the plunger shall have completed its forward movement its rear end will have passed beyond or to the front of the rear exhaustport 0, theretofore occluded by it, so as through said port the exhaust-passagea and the outlet-pipe A to give the lead to the exhaust to the rear of the plunger. It will, moreover, be apparent that when the plunger has reached its said forward position the vent-port b from the plunger exhaust-port b theretofore occluded by the cylinder, will, through the medium of the outlet-channel b", which circumscribes the plunger, be in communication with the inletport A, and will thereby permit of the influx of the motive fluid into and through the said plunger exhaust-port b to the space for the then time being existing between the buffer and the front end of the plunger, the front exhaust-port a being at the same time closed by the plunger, with the result that, the rear exhaust-port a being in communication with the atmosphere, the plunger will be driven backward until it has resumed its rear or first position, whereupon, all the parts having resumed their original positions, the operation described will be repeated and the plunger again driven forward,to be again driven back.

In the practical operation of the tool it results that so long as the supply of motive fluid is continued the plunger will continue to reciprocate, and will upon each return stroke receive from the rifled-rod contrivance the usual movement of rotation.

a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a plunger embodying a longitudinally-extendin g supply-port and provided with a rifled nut, and a hollow open-ended ratchet-controlled rifled rod extending within the plunger supply-port and engaged within said rifled nut, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder having independent inlet and exhaust ports, a plunger adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder, and embodying a circumscribing inlet-channel and a circumscribing outlet-channel, a longitudinally-extending supply-port, and an inlet-port between said inlet-channel and said supply-port, a hollow, open-ended, ratchet-controlled rifled rod connected with the cylinder and extending within the plunger supply-port, and a rifled nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder having independent inlet and exhaust ports, a plunger adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and embodying a circumscribing inlet-channel and a circumscribing outlet-channel, a longitudinally-extend ing supplyport, and an inlet-port between said inlet-channel and said supply-port, and also an independent longitudinally-extending exhaust-port having a vent-port in communication with said outletchannel, a hollow, open ended, ratchet-controlled rifled rod connected with the cylinder and extending within the plunger supply-port, and a rifled nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4:. A plunger for an impact-tool, formed with a hollow central longitudinally-extending supplyport and an independent longitudinally-extending exhaust-port, and in the walls of which are embodied two peripherallyopen circumferentially-extending channels, one of which is in communication with the supply-port, and the other with the exhaustport, substantially as set forth.

5. A cylinder for the reciprocating plunger of an impact-tool, in the walls of which are embodied an approximately central inlet-port in communication with a source of motivefluid supply, and also a pair of exhaust-ports respectively intermediate between theinletport and the heads of the cylinder and in communication with the atmosphere, in combination with a plunger formed with a hollow central longitudinally-extending supply-port and an independent longitudinall y-extendin g exhaust-port, and in the walls of which are embodied two peripherally-open circumferentially-extending channels, one of which is in communication with the supply-port, and the other with the exhaust-port, substantially as set forth.

6. A cylinder for the reciprocating plunger of an impact-tool, in the walls of which are embodied an approximately central inlet-port in communication with a source of motivefluid supply, and also a pair of exhaust-ports nected with the cylinder and extending Within the plunger supply-port, and arifled nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereunto signed my name this 2d day of May, A. D. 1895.

HORACE GUERNSEY WILLIAMS.

In presence of J. BONSALL TAYLOR, W. C. STRAVVBRIDGE. 

